EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF NEEM: AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL USAGE




Neem Leaves and Fruits
The need to manage pest without endangering the environment, human beings and animals led to the search for and identification of alternative (or botanical) pesticide. Chemical or synthetic pesticides are known for their toxicity and potential hazard to human or animal health. Organic agriculture prohibits the use of chemical pesticides. Over time, different plants parts have been used as botanical pesticide and some of these plants include, Eucalyptus, Lemon grass, Basil, Acacia, Capsicum, Garlic, Castor, Melissa, Pyrethrum, Pomegranate, etc. Function of these botanical pesticides varies from one plant to another due to different active ingredients. These plants have commercial opportunity for development of botanical Insecticides, Acracides, Fungicides, Bactericides, Nematicides and Herbicides for agricultural uses. However, this article will be focusing on the potential of Neem for agricultural and industrial uses.
Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a wonder tree that has been used as botanical pesticide. This tree is common in Africa and India. Common name for Neem by geographical location are as follows, Dogonyaro (Nigeria), Margosa/Indian Lilac Tree/Margosa/(Europe), Vepa/Vembu/Yeppa/Veppam/Nimbay (India), Kohunmba (Sri Lanka), Thinbaw (Myanmar), Aza darakbul hind (Arabic, Middle east) etc.
According to Rawat, The neem tree was considered a gift of God and the panacea for all diseases. In an old Indian proverb it was said,
''The land where the neem tree abound,
Can death, disease there in be found?''
Neem has also been called “Heal all”, “Divine Tree”, “Village Pharmacy” and even “Nature’s drugstore”
 Major plant parts used for pesticide production are the leaves and fruits with major active ingredient being Azadirachtin. Azadirachtin is contained in seeds in larger proportion than the leaves.  Neem is almost non-toxic to mammals and is biodegradable. It is used as ingredient in toothpaste, soap, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The leaves can be incorporated into materials used in composting thereby making the compost serves as both fertilizer and pesticides. Neem, along with Tea tree and Propolis, can be used as a natural mouthwash.

Neem is unique among pesticides since it has so many uses:  It acts as a broad-spectrum repellent, growth
Neem Oil
regulator and insect poison. It discourages feeding by making plants or crop unpalatable to insects. Neem has a systemic effect on plants, i.e. plants can take up neem extracts through their roots and leaves, spreading material throughout the plant tissue.
Neem seeds contain oil and Azadirachtin that can be obtained through Mechanical cold-press or Solvent Extraction Method.. After the oil has been pressed out, what is left over is Neem Cake, when ground, it becomes Neem cake powder.
Neem Cake
Neem cake acts as both fertilizer and pesticide. It is effective against soil-born diseases and insects. De-bittered neem cake has been used in animal and poultry feeding. The cake contain high level of amino-acids (protein) and essential minerals. The neem oil is equally effective in the control of soft-bodied insects, mite and phytopathogens. Dandruff resulting from a fungal infection can be cleared with a teaspoonful of neem oil added to a bottle of your ordinary shampoo.
Generally, neem extract can be used to control insect pests such as Caterpillars, Cabbage worms, White flies, Armyworms, Cutworms, Stem borers, Bollworms, Leaf miners, Caterpillars, Aphids, Leafhoppers, Psyllids, Scales, Mites, Thrips, etc.
For your Original Neem oil, Neem Cake and Neem-based Fertilizer or Organic Fertilizer Supply. 
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